What Is A Disaster?
Disasters are major issues that occur gradually and destroy people, property, economies, or the environment to the point when the impacted community or society is unable to handle them on their own. From a theoretical standpoint, natural catastrophes stem from natural dangers, while man-made disasters originate from human hazards. These days, it's becoming harder and harder to distinguish between disasters that are naturally occurring, man-made, or caused by humans. Because people fail to implement proper emergency management procedures, it is possible to view all disasters as man-made.
When a natural hazard strikes a community that is already at risk, a disaster happens. Communities become more susceptible to climate hazards as a result of human errors such as inadequate planning, development, or preparation.
It is common practice to categorize disasters as either manmade or natural. Today, it can be challenging to distinguish between disasters that are naturally occurring, man-made, and man-accelerated.
TYPES OF CALAMITIES
NATURAL HAZARDS
HAZARDS NOT CAUSED BY NATURAL
NATURAL HAZARDS :
1. Avalanche
Snow flowing quickly down a slope, such as a hill or mountain, is called an avalanche.
Natural events like more precipitation or thawing snowpack can cause avalanches, as can man-made events like earthquakes and other natural disasters. Big avalanches are mostly made of air and snow, but they can also pick up and carry ice, rocks, and trees.
Two general types of avalanches, or combinations of them, are slab avalanches, which are formed of compacted snow and are caused by the collapse of a weak layer of underlying snow, and loose snow avalanches, which are formed of looser snow. Avalanches typically begin quickly after being triggered, accelerating further as they gather more snow and increase in bulk and volume.
2. WildFire
In the exothermic chemical process of combustion
, fire is the quick oxidation of a material (the fuel), generating heat, light, and other reaction products. Flames are created during the combustion reaction at a specific point known as the ignition point. The part of the fire that can be seen is the flame.
Oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide make up the majority of flames. The gases could ionize and create plasma if they get hot enough.
In The color and intensity of a fire vary depending on the materials burning and any contaminants present outside.
3. Lightning Strike
An electric discharge between the earth and the atmosphere occurs during a lightning event, which is known as a lightning strike or bolt. The term "cloud-to-ground
Strikes between the atmosphere and terrestrial objects account for about 25% of all lightning incidents that occur worldwide. The majority only happen up in the atmosphere and are classified as cloud-to-cloud (CC) or intracloud (IC) lightning.
Despite the fact that current engineering and design imply that lightning strikes the average commercial aircraft at least once a year, it is rarely an issue. Lightning strikes can potentially be caused by aircraft passing through clouds.
4. Earthquake
An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth's surface caused by a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that results in seismic waves. It is also referred to as a tremor, earthquake, or temblor. The severity of earthquakes varies; they might be so little that no one can feel them, or they can be strong enough to send people and things hurtling skyward, destroy vital infrastructure, and level entire cities. An area's seismic activity is defined as the kind, frequency, and magnitude of earthquakes that occur there over a specific period of time. The average rate of seismic energy release per unit volume is known as the seismicity at a specific region on Earth.
Generally speaking, every seismic event that produces seismic waves is referred to be an earthquake. Natural disasters or man-made events like fracking, mining, and nuclear testing can cause earthquakes.
5. Tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a fast-moving system of thunderstorms that features a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produces intense rain and squalls, powerful winds, and a core of low pressure. There are several names for tropical cyclones, including hurricanes, tropical storms, cyclonic storms, tropical depressions, and simply cyclones, depending on where it is and how strong it is.
In the Atlantic or northeastern Pacific, a hurricane is a powerful tropical cyclone, while a typhoon forms in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Similar storms are called "tropical cyclones" in the Indian and South Pacific oceans. Nowadays, on average, 80 to 90 designated tropical cyclones arise annually worldwide, with more than half of them intensifying into hurricanes with speeds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph).
6. Tsunami
A tsunami is a sequence of waves in a body of water that usually results from the displacement of a significant amount of water, either in an ocean or a sizable lake. Tsunamis can be caused by underwater events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other underwater explosions that take place above or below the ocean's surface.
In contrast to normal ocean waves, which are caused by wind, or tides, which are caused by the Moon and Sun's gravitational pull, a tsunami is produced by the displacement of water following a significant event. Because of their much longer wavelength than tsunamis, ordinary sea waves and submarine currents differ from each other. A tsunami may initially look like a fast-rising tide rather than like a breaking wave.
7. Volcanic Eruption
A volcanic eruption is the emission of hot gasses, molten rock, and hot rock fragments from a volcano, which is a vent in the crust of a planet or satellite. Volcanic eruptions have the capacity to result in catastrophic losses in terms of lives and property. They range from extremely deadly eruptions, like the one that devastated Pompeii in 79 CE, to comparatively mild eruptions, like those usually observed in Hawaiian volcanoes. Humanity has been fascinated with volcanic explosions for eons, as seen by the plethora of tales and fiction that tell stories about them.
Precautions taken!!!
Once the shaking stops, head outside into some open fields from your home or the school.
Never put pressure on someone else.
If your home has a tin roof, check that it is solid and address any leaks, loose nails, rusted areas, and holes.
If your house has a thatched roof, check it for damage from rats, birds, moss and algae growth, and previous storms. Furthermore, rethatch and replace any broken bamboo.
If there are gaps or cracks in the window and door glass, replace them or fix them, and if the locks on your house are broken, replace them.
Get rid of any dead or decaying limbs in your yards that can blow about and damage your house.
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